While we have long experienced medical malpractice and civil action in the case of human error; we now face a growing likelihood of criminal prosecution. If you make a serious mistake that results in grievous harm, you may be sued, lose your license and be subjected to criminal investigation, trial and prison. This session will discuss in detail recent cases in which nurses have been criminally prosecuted for errors. It will explore the legal basis for such actions and ways nurses can protect themselves from prosecution. Long term implications of criminal prosecution on our health care system will also be discussed; along with potential legal, legislative and regulatory remedies.