The purpose of this descriptive correlational study is to examine the relationship between perinatal risk factors on neurodevelopmental outcomes of high risk infants. Variables to be measured include: gestational age, birth weight, Apgar scores, gender, ethnicity, maternal age, prenatal care, gravidy/parity, maternal health risk factors, home environment, parental stress, and parent-infant interaction. The study will also compare the influence of these variables on a sample of babies with suspected brain injury with a sample of babies that have not sustained a brain injury. The Synactive Theory of Development provides an explanatory model for conceptualizing the infant’s interaction with the environment in the context of early development. A review of the literature identified key physiological and sociodemographic factors that influence the infant’s ability to negotiate the developmental process in the world at large. Key constructs that have been implicated in the quality of the infant’s environment are measured by the following scales: home environment was measured by the Caldwell HOME inventory; parental stress was measured by Abiddin’s Parenting Stress Index (PSI); and parent-child interaction was measured by Barnard and colleague’s Nursing Child Assessment Feeding Scale (NCAFS) and the Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale (NCATS). The neurodevelopmental outcome is measured by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. The study design utilizes secondary analysis of data from two randomized controlled clinical trials: a small study conducted in Los Angeles County and a larger study conducted in San Diego County. This present study aims to answer questions not posed by the authors of these two studies. Impaired early development has far-reaching consequences for the child, the child’s family, the health care delivery system, and society. It is hoped that this study will strengthen the current understanding of the factors related to infant development, and that this enhanced understanding will provide support for evidence-based interventions aimed at optimizing neurodevelopmental outcomes of high risk infants.