Chlamydia and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) are the two most common sexually transmitted diseases in the US (Dunne, et al., 2007; CDC, 2007b).  Rates of these infections have continued to increase annually, and are most prevalent among women between the ages of 15-24 (CDC; Dunne, et.al.).  Sexually transmitted infections are largely preventable, with appropriate behavioral interventions.  Consistent condom use has been shown to reduce the risk of transmission of all sexually transmitted infections (HHS, 2001; Miksis, 2008).  Healthy People 2010 identified “Responsible Sexual Behavior” as a Leading Health Indicator.  The goal of this indicator is to promote responsible sexual behavior in order to reduce actual and potential risk of STDs and subsequent complications. 

The purpose of this study was to examine female college students’ sexual activity behaviors and patterns of condom use related to risk for STDs.  Additionally data regarding student’s perceived risks for acquiring an STD was also obtained. 

An email request to complete a 22 item survey was sent to 2800 female students enrolled at a private, suburban university in New York.  A total of 609 students responded to the web-based, anonymous, self-administered survey (22% response).  Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. 

Findings revealed that:  nearly 70% of respondents have been sexually active with one partner for the past 6 months; 14.5% have had more than 1, but less than 3 partners.  Ninety-three percent reported not being under the influence of drugs or alcohol during sexual activity; 75% reported using a condom when drugs or alcohol was associated with sexual activity. Although 89% indicated there is a difference between preventing pregnancy and decreasing the risk of acquiring an STD, only 34% reported using condoms 100% of the time; 31% reported never using condoms during sexual activity.  Despite the low percentage of condom use, 74% of respondents do not consider themselves at risk for acquiring an STD. 

Findings from this study indicate that college women most at risk for acquiring an STD are not adequately protecting themselves during sexual activity; nor do they recognize their risks for acquiring an STD.  Despite data indicating that condoms are an effective means of protection against Chlamydia and other STDs, including HPV, women in this study are not using this method of protection.  Education about STD transmission, risk factors, and strategies to decrease risk is warranted in this high risk population.   Additional research is needed to determine factors influencing women’s decision-making regarding condom use and perceived risks of STDs.