Sunday, June 28, 2009
Hall A (San Diego Convention Center)
Rebecca L. Cypher, MSN, PNNP , Department Of OB-GYN, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA
Terrorism news reports often emphasize chemical, biological and radiological events but most attacks involve explosive devices. Conventional bombs generate destruction and countless injuries. Many explosive devices contain fragments that propel outward causing penetrating injuries. These types of wounds are the leading cause of injury in terrorist attacks. Casualties may include pregnant woman. This may be one of the most complicated situations a multi-disciplinary team may be challenged with especially in the face of working in a war ravaged country with limited obstetrical and neonatal resources. SH was a 30-year-old pregnant Host National from a local Iraqi village. She was the victim of a bomb explosion on the bus she was riding. Triage was done in the field by military medics who coordinated helicopter transport to the coalition forces trauma center. SH had multiple penetrating wounds to the back and pelvis. Gestational age was unknown but fetal heart tones were present. The facility didn't have an obstetrician. Instead, a specially trained trauma team was available. An experienced labor and delivery nurse was brought in to address fetal status and provide consultation and hands-on nursing care for SH. After trauma surveys were completed, SH was taken to the operating room for exploratory laparotomy and possible delivery. She had multiple pelvic floor injuries including bladder and bilateral ureter damage as well as uncontrolled bleeding from the right broad ligament. Emergency cesarean section and hysterectomy were performed to allow access to the bladder, ureters and pelvic floor for hemorrhage control and repair. A male infant that appeared to be late preterm or growth restricted was delivered. He was transitioned in a makeshift isolette made from a pediatric crib and bear hugger blanket. The infant was discharged several days later. After a lengthy hospital course, SH was released to home. Achievements and challenges that nursing would attain and overcome during this patient's hospitalization included the following: language and cultural barriers; estimation of gestational age and fetal weight; use of limited ultrasound; utilization of auscultation and palpation to monitor the fetus as electronic fetal monitors were not available; lack of common obstetrical and neonatal medications; acting as the clinical expert for scenarios that may be encountered (abruption and hemorrhage); preparing for a possible operative delivery; being the resource for the surgical team during the operative delivery; providing neonatal resuscitation and transition to an infant of unknown gestational age and possible unidentified anomalies; and postpartum care to a critically wounded patient. When managing the pregnant trauma victim, the healthcare team must optimize the well-being of two patients, with the health of the mother being of paramount importance. Anatomical and physiological changes present in pregnancy make this type of patient unique in a trauma setting. Obstetrical nurses play an important role in ensuring the basic tenets of rapid assessment, transport, and treatment are met to optimize maternal and fetal outcome. This case study will reveal a nurses' first hand experience of caring for a pregnant trauma victim in a war torn country and the success story that ensued.